Let's take a look at some real life examples of some CD's from the early days. The first one up is a CD from one of the sweetest sounding guitarists of the 20th century, Tony Mottola. This was basically a direct level transfer from the vinyl master and you will see that the track we are looking at (Close To You) has an LKFS of -23.8 dB, a true peak of -9.4 dB, and a dynamic range (LU) of 5.1 dB. If we want to raise that level on a CD master, we can raise it 8.4 dB without doing any damage to the original recording. That would bring the new LKFS number to -15.4 dB, the true peak level to -1 dB, and the dynamic range of course is unchanged at 5.1 dB. The pictures of the overall waveform appear below.
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